<![CDATA[Background: Hemodialysis is the primary treatment for patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, patients often face complications during the procedure, such as intradialytic hypertension, which can significantly reduce their comfort and increase morbidity and mortality rates. Safe and non-pharmacological interventions, including intradialytic exercise and classical music therapy, have emerged as promising strategies to alleviate these complications and improve patient well-being. Objective: This study aimed to assess the combined effect of intradialytic exercise and classical music therapy on the comfort levels of hemodialysis patients.Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group was utilised. A total of 36 patients were recruited through purposive sampling and evenly assigned to two groups: an intervention group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 18). The intervention group received combined 30-minute sessions of intradialytic exercise and classical music therapy twice a week for four consecutive weeks. Comfort was assessed using a modified Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale for physiological and psychological comfort, and a modified Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support for social comfort. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test.U test.Results: The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in both physiological comfort (p = 0.023) and psychological comfort (p = 0.002) following the therapies. However, no significant improvement was observed in the social comfort domain (p = 0.463).Conclusion: The combination of intradialytic exercise and classical music therapy may improve the physiological and psychological comfort of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. This approach shows potential as an applicable, cost-effective, and easily accessible nursing intervention in clinical hemodialysis settings, although it does not significantly improve social comfort. However, given the quasi-experimental design and the small sample size, further research is needed to confirm these causal effects.]]>
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