<![CDATA[Sprint performance development requires not only appropriate training loads but also effective recovery strategies to optimize physiological adaptation. One of the most widely recognized concepts in sports training is Supercompensation Theory, which explains how performance can improve beyond baseline levels following adequate recovery after training-induced fatigue. This study aimed to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the application of Supercompensation Theory in sprint athletics training programs from both conceptual and empirical perspectives. This study employed a literature review design by examining articles published between 2015 and 2025 from reputable databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Crossref. The selection process followed systematic screening procedures based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 86 articles were initially identified, with 25 studies meeting the eligibility criteria for final analysis. Data were analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach focusing on physiological adaptation, recovery mechanisms, neuromuscular responses, periodization, and performance outcomes. The findings revealed that 96% of the reviewed studies emphasized recovery and adaptation timing as the most critical factor in sprint performance enhancement, while 88% highlighted neuromuscular adaptation as the primary mechanism underlying performance improvement. Supercompensation-based training was associated with increased sprint speed, repeated sprint ability, countermovement jump performance, rate of force development, and overall neuromuscular efficiency. In conclusion, the application of Supercompensation Theory provides a scientifically supported framework for optimizing sprint training programs through the strategic integration of training load, recovery, and adaptation processes, thereby enhancing athletic performance and reducing the risk of overtraining.]]>
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