<![CDATA[Background: The prevalence of smoking among school-aged children in Indonesia has increased markedly, raising serious public health concerns. In response, the Sleman District Government enacted Regent Regulation No. 42 of 2012 on Smoke-Free Areas (Kawasan Tanpa Rokok/KTR) as a preventive strategy. This study evaluates the implementation of the KTR policy in elementary school settings and identifies challenges to its enforcement. Methods: A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews and direct observations. Data were collected from one official at the Sleman District Education Office, four elementary school teachers, and 10 parents of students, with sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. Source and method triangulation enhanced credibility through interviews, observations, and document reviews. Observations focused on the presence of smoke-free signage and environmental compliance within school premises. Results: Although the KTR regulation is formally established and supported by visible measures such as banners, posters, and school rules, dissemination and educational efforts remain limited, particularly at the elementary school level. While most stakeholders are aware of the regulation, many lack a comprehensive understanding of its content and objectives. The absence of coordinated socialization and sustained educational initiatives for students and families further constrains effective implementation. Conclusion: Despite an existing regulatory framework, KTR implementation in elementary schools requires substantial strengthening. Enhanced cross-sector collaboration among education authorities, schools, and parents is critical. Integrating comprehensive, age-appropriate tobacco prevention education into school curricula is essential to deter early smoking initiation and ensure the long-term effectiveness of KTR policy enforcement.]]>
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