Indonesian Tourism Journal
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): May, 2026

Whose Culture Is Marketed? Gendered Narratives in Heritage Tourism Promotion in the Borobudur–Prambanan Cultural Region, Indonesia

Muhammad Rehan Sabir (Government College University Faisalabad)
Dewi Candraningrum (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Saima Tahir (Nantong University)
Alaa Alkhateeb (Al-Sham Private University)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 May 2025

Abstract

This study examines how official heritage tourism promotion constructs gendered cultural narratives within the Borobudur–Prambanan cultural region. Heritage tourism promotion is not treated merely as destination marketing, but as a representational arena where cultural identity, historical authority, authenticity, and social visibility are selectively produced. Using a qualitative interpretive design and Critical Discourse Analysis, the study analyzes 87 text–image units from state-linked tourism platforms, including Borobudur, Prambanan, Ramayana Ballet, and Central Java tourism materials. The analysis focuses on seven categories: visibility and invisibility, gender roles, narrative voice, descriptive language, symbolic positioning, agency versus passivity, and cultural authority. The findings reveal that women are frequently visible in promotional images as dancers, artisans, performers, and symbolic markers of tradition, yet their visibility rarely translates into narrative authority. Men, by contrast, are more often associated with historical explanation, institutional voice, ritual legitimacy, and interpretive knowledge. Female-coded cultural practices are commonly commodified through aesthetic spectacle, costume, bodily performance, and emotional atmosphere, while male-coded heritage elements retain intellectual, historical, and spiritual prestige. The study concludes that official heritage tourism promotion reproduces a gendered hierarchy of cultural representation by separating visual presence from cultural authority. More equitable promotional practice requires naming female cultural practitioners, recognizing their knowledge, and presenting women not only as cultural symbols but also as interpreters, transmitters, and authoritative subjects of heritage. This finding highlights the need for heritage tourism institutions to develop more inclusive promotional narratives that acknowledge women’s cultural agency, expertise, and authority in sustaining living heritage traditions.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

itj

Publisher

Subject

Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

Indonesian Tourism Journal is a renowned academic publication that focuses on various aspects of tourism in Indonesia. It serves as a platform for researchers, scholars, and practitioners to showcase their work, exchange ideas, and contribute to the development of the tourism industry in Indonesia. ...