<![CDATA[Freshwater aquaculture plays a crucial role in supporting food security and economic growth; however, manual feeding practices often lead to irregular schedules, inefficient feed utilization, and increased labor requirements. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic fish feeding system integrated with a solar energy supply to improve operational efficiency and sustainability. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller, an ultrasonic sensor for feed level detection, and a servo motor as the feeding actuator. Remote monitoring and control are implemented through the Blynk application, enabling real-time scheduling and notification. The system is powered by a solar panel combined with battery storage to ensure continuous operation in outdoor aquaculture environments. Experimental results show that the system achieves a sensor error of 3.56%, a feeding delay of 2–4 seconds, and a response time of less than 2 seconds, indicating reliable real-time performance. The proposed system improves feeding accuracy, reduces feed waste, and minimizes labor dependency. In addition, integrating solar energy enhances system sustainability and enables deployment in off-grid aquaculture areas. Therefore, this system provides an efficient, reliable, and scalable solution for modern aquaculture management.]]>
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