Anticholesterolemic Evaluation of Physalis angulata L. Ethanolic Extract Using In Vitro, GC-MS, and Docking Approaches

Eka Susanti Hanhadyanaputri (Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Stifar Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang, Central Java, 50193)
Muhammad Rahardhian (Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Stifar Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang, Central Java, 50193)
Eka Septiana (Pharmacy, Stifar Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang, Central Java, 50193)

Indonesian Journal of Jamu
Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia

Physalis angulata L. is traditionally used as a medicinal plant and contains various pharmacologically active metabolites. This study evaluated the anticholesterolemic potential of P. angulata ethanolic extract using in vitro assays, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and molecular docking. The extract obtained by remaceration contained flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. Thin-layer chromatography indicated the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, essential oils, and saponins. Quantitative analysis showed flavonoid, phenolic, tannin, and sterol contents of 34.86 ± 1.11 mg RE/g, 5.14 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g, 0.99 ± 0.01%, and 0.072 ± 0.0004 mg CE/g, respectively. Antioxidant IC₅₀ values were 209.55 ± 9.10 ppm for DPPH and 220.18 ± 4.23 ppm for FRAP. The Liebermann–Burchard assay showed cholesterol inhibition with an IC₅₀ of 96.11 ppm. GC-MS tentatively identified several compounds, while molecular docking suggested favora