<![CDATA[Flavonoids are secondary metabolites known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, positioning them as strong candidates for modern topical formulations; however, nanogels incorporating combined extracts of red betel (Piper crocatum) and tapak liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) remain scarcely reported. This study quantified the total flavonoid content of both extracts and developed a combined nanogel formulation using maceration with 70% ethanol followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis with quercetin as the reference standard. The red betel extract exhibited a flavonoid level of 75.15 ± 0.55 mg QE/g, while tapak liman contained 22.10 ± 0.25 mg QE/g, and the resulting nanogels incorporated 39.66–40.30 mg QE/g while meeting physicochemical standards for topical preparations. Among the formulations, Formula 2 demonstrated the most favorable physical characteristics, including a particle size of approximately 255 nm, physiological pH, and uniform homogeneity, whereas Formula 3 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, the findings indicate that the combination of red betel and tapak liman extracts can be effectively formulated into stable antibacterial nanogels, with the innovation of this dual-extract system offering potential as a modern herbal topical preparation]]>
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