AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Vol 11, No 2 (2026): June

Impact of a culturally adapted health belief model-based nutrition intervention on nutritional status among children under five in rural Indonesia

Elly Dwi Masita (Nursing and Midwifery Department, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya)
Esteve Adrian Estiva (Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation)
Annif Munjidah (Nursing and Midwifery Department, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya)
Uke Maharani Dewi (Nursing and Midwifery Department, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya)
Hinda Novianti (Nursing and Midwifery Department, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya)



Article Info

Publish Date
11 Jun 2026

Abstract

Child malnutrition is a major public health concern in Indonesia. The 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey reported stunting, wasting, and overweight prevalence among children under five years of age at 19.8%, 7.4%, and 3.4%, respectively, indicating persistent nutritional challenges despite national improvements. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and contextual implementation of a culturally adapted Health Belief Model–based nutrition intervention on child nutritional status in rural Indonesia. A quasi-experimental mixed-methods study with a one-group pre-test and post-test design was conducted among 179 caregiver–child dyads in rural East Java from January to April 2025 without a control group. The nutritional status of the children was assessed using weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and BMI-for-age z-scores. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Marginal Homogeneity Test, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The intervention was associated with a statistically significant shift in the distribution of nutritional status (χ²=114.94; df=4; p<0.001; Cramer’s V=0.40; 95% CI=0.32–0.47), indicating a moderate effect. Normal nutritional status increased from 12.3% to 70.9%, whereas underweight decreased from 50.3% to 6.7%. Qualitative findings indicated that cultural beliefs, family decision-making, food insecurity, and economic constraints influenced child-feeding practices. In conclusion, the intervention was associated with improved child nutritional outcomes and caregiver readiness; however, the findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the absence of a control group and the short intervention period.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

an

Publisher

Subject

Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Description

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal merupakan jurnal gizi dan kesehatan dengan E-ISSN 2548-5741 dan ISSN 2527-3310. Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam penyampaian hasil penelitian sebagai media yang dapat digunakan untuk meregistrasi, mendiseminasi, dan mengarsipkan karya peneliti ...