<![CDATA[The Probolinggo City Correctional Facility is severely overcrowded, with 765–788 inmates—far exceeding its capacity of 327—and nearly 50% of them are repeat offenders. This study aims to examine the implementation of inmate rehabilitation programs and to identify obstacles and efforts to address overcrowding at this correctional facility. The method used is empirical legal research with a sociological approach to law, utilizing interviews and observations. The results indicate that inmate rehabilitation—which encompasses aspects of personality development and self-reliance through initial, intermediate, and final stages—has not been optimally implemented due to low inmate awareness and participation, limited facilities and staff resources, and high levels of prison overcrowding. Consequently, rehabilitation outcomes remain suboptimal, and recidivism rates have increased.Efforts undertaken have included assessing inmate behavior, collaborating with external parties, and strengthening legal instruments to support the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs despite institutional capacity constraints. This study recommends improving the quality of rehabilitation to make it more effective and comprehensive in terms of facilities, human resources, and inmate involvement, with the aim of reducing recidivism rates while also alleviating overcrowding in correctional facilities.]]>
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