Nursing knowledge as relational ontology: Toward an enacted, technologically mediated, and globally situated understanding of nursing

Gil P. Soriano (Department of Nursing, College of Allied Health, National University, Manila, Philippines)
Feni Betriana (Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia)
Kathyrine Calong Calong (College of Nursing, San Beda University, Manila, Philippines)
Joseph Andrew Pepito (Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Sciences, Cebu Doctors’ University, Mandaue, Philippines)
Tetsuya Tanioka (Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan)
Rozzano Locsin (Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA)

Belitung Nursing Journal
Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): May - June

Despite substantial theoretical advancement, nursing knowledge continues to be framed by epistemological classifications rather than ontological clarification. The question of what nursing knowledge is, as a mode of existence, remains unanswered, despite existing frameworks that emphasize patterns, types, or domains of knowing. This paper argues that nursing knowledge is best understood as a relational ontology, a performative enactment emerging through practice rather than a collection of categorized components. Nursing knowledge is conceptualized as a unitary process manifested through embodied presence, interpretive meaning-making, and technologically mediated action. This paper illuminates how these aspects do not function as distinct domains but as a single, inseparable mode of being in clinical judgment and caring practices within digitally mediated contexts.