Formulation and Optimization of Avocado Oil (Persea americana oil) Emulsion as a Carrier for Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) with Sun Protection Factor Analysis in Lotion Preparation

Laela Nur' Aini (Department of Industrial Technology, Vocational College, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275)
Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono (Department of Industrial Technology, Vocational College, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275)
Vita Paramita (Department of Industrial Technology, Vocational College, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275)
Indah Hartati (Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang, 50236)

Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research
2026: JVSAR, Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)

This study aims to formulate and optimize an emulsion based on avocado oil (Persea americana oil) as a delivery system for vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in cream lotion preparations using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Avocado oil was chosen due to its high α-tocopherol content and skin benefits. Optimization was carried out by varying the stirring time, homogenization speed, and avocado oil–Tween 80 ratio. The resulting emulsion was evaluated for vitamin E content, Sun Protection Factor (SPF), viscosity, pH, density, and physical stability. The optimal formulation was achieved at 11.9 min of stirring, 1000 rpm speed, and a ratio of 0.4798, resulting in a vitamin E content of 0.0913% and an SPF value of 14.02. The results showed that the oil–Tween 80 ratio had a significant effect on SPF value, while stirring speed had a low effect on vitamin E content. This emulsion shows potential as an effective topical antioxidant and UV protection formulation.