<![CDATA[Traffic accidents in Indonesia, which claim tens of thousands of lives each year, are not only a human tragedy but also a reflection of the systemic failure of criminal law to respond proportionally and fairly to reckless driving behavior. This study examines the issue of recklessness, a form of error that positions itself between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) within the framework of Indonesian traffic criminal law, with the aim of identifying existing normative references, conducting a comparative study of more advanced legal systems, and formulating policy reconstruction based on the principle of substantive justice. This study uses a normative juridical research method that combines legislative, comparative legal, and conceptual approaches. This study finds that Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation, especially Articles 310 and 311, leaves a significant normative gap because it does not accommodate recklessness as an independent form of error, so that perpetrators who consciously ignore the risk to the safety of others are often only charged with negligence articles whose criminal penalties do not reflect the true gravity of moral error. The research results conclude that the reconstruction of Indonesian traffic criminal law to explicitly accommodate recklessness is a legal and moral necessity, especially in the momentum of the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code in 2026.]]>
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