<![CDATA[Melanoidin-rich wastewater from agro-industrial processes, particularly palm oil mill effluent, poses significant environmental problem owing to its recalcitrant nature and high organic load. The present study developed a carbon-capturing microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated with biochar-immobilized laccase-producing microbial consortia for an integrated system enabling concurrent melanoidin removal, bioelectricity recovery, and carbon fixation under the tested conditions. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar produced at 600 °C (BC600) was selected as an immobilization support due to its superior adsorption capacity and functional surface properties. The immobilized system demonstrated a maximum melanoidin removal efficiency of 73.15±1.10% and significant COD reduction with degradation exhibiting a close association with enhanced laccase activity. In the MFC, enhanced electrochemical performance was observed, with a maximum open circuit voltage of 619.17±10.49 mV, along with current and power densities of 8.29±0.15 A/m3 and 1.00±0.20 W/m3, respectively. Coupling with microalgae resulted in the simultaneous fixation of carbon (0.13±0.00 g/L/day). A phytotoxicity assessment confirmed no inhibitory effects on rice seed germination. This finding indicates that the substance is environmentally safe. It is imperative to note that the present study proposes a novel integration of biochar-based immobilization with a carbon-capturing MFC for the concurrent removal of pollutants, energy recovery, and CO2 mitigation. This sustainable approach offers a promising solution for the treatment of melanoidin-rich wastewater.]]>
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