<![CDATA[Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Diabetic foot is a common complication of DM, as it mainly connects to diabetic neuropathy (DN) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between multiple causes of DN and PAD of T2DM patients in Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during August–October 2024 on 200 T2DM patients (30–70 years of age). Risk factors evaluated included but were not limited to gender, age, smoking, glycemic control, duration of DM, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. DN was measured by DNS-Ina and DNE-Ina, whereas PAD was assessed with ankle-brachial index (ABI). Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square and independent t-tests and multivariate logistic regression statistics in SPSS version 27.0. Results: There was a significant association of DN in 117 patients (58.5%) and PAD in 118 patients (59%). Gender, DM duration and obesity were associated with DN (p = 0.019, p = 0.013, p = 0.013) and PAD (p = 0.002, p = 0.037, p = 0.042), respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that gender, DM duration, and obesity were independently associated with DN (p = 0.034, p = 0.027, p = 0.027), whereas PAD was significantly associated only with gender (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Independent factors of gender, duration of diabetes, and obesity predict diabetic neuropathy, with significant gender differences in predicting PAD in T2DM.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
