<![CDATA[Centered around banking institutions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2024, this paper explores how net interest margin (NIM), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and the operating ratio (BOPO) steer profit growth. By adopting a quantitative framework, we pulled secondary data directly from the firms' annual financial disclosures. A purposive sampling approach narrowed our scope down to 19 banks, yielding 114 distinct observations for analysis. To process this data, we utilized multiple linear regression coupled with classic assumption checks, coefficient of determination, plus F and t tests. Our analysis brought several insights to light. First, CAR yields a positive, meaningful pull on profit growth ($t = 3.412, p = 0.000$). Second, NIM similarly drives profit growth upward in a significant manner ($t = 3.081, p = 0.000$). On the flip side, BOPO exerts a clear negative drag on earnings growth ($t = -2.338, p = 0.001$). Taken together, these three elements simultaneously dictate profit shifts ($F = 19.409, p = 0.000$), explaining roughly 64.6% of the variance ($R^2 = 0.646$). Ultimately, keeping capital adequate, maximizing interest returns, and tightening operational efficiency stand out as the core pillars of bank profitability]]>
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