Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)

Predictors of Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria: A Facility-Based Analytical Study

Gbenga Damilola Akinlua (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria.)
Omolola Ajayi Alao (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria.)
Olaogun Oluwole Dominic (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria)
Olufunke Temiloluwa Oso (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peterborough City Hospital, London United Kingdom)
Olusola Peter Aduloju (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria)
Temitope Omoladun Okunola (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria)
Richard Akindele Akinyoade (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State)
Oluwayomi Samson Gbenga (Department of Medicine, Babcock University Teaching Hospital. Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria)



Article Info

Publish Date
16 May 2026

Abstract

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in LMICs. Identifying context-specific predictors in tertiary facilities supports targeted prevention, early detection, and timely first-response care bundles consistent with contemporary guidance.Subjects and Method: This prospective facility-based analytical cohort study evaluated associations between socio-demographic characteristics, antepartum risk factors, and labour events with occurrence of PPH among 308 parturients at Ekiti State University Teaching hospital. Bivariate associations were assessed using chi-square tests, and independent predictors were modelled using binary logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values interpreted at α=0.05.Results: Thirty women developed PPH (9.7%) at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. Also, ethnicity was the only socio-demographic factor associated with PPH (p=0.047). Obstetric and intrapartum variables showed strong associations. In multivariable analysis, gravidity 3–4 (aOR 8.15; p=0.001), parturients who have been pregnant more than four times (aOR 59.40; p<0.001), grand multiparity (aOR 16.875; p<0.001), fetal macrosomia (aOR 12.63; p<0.001), uterine fibroids (aOR 2.95; p=0.024), antepartum haemorrhage (aOR 22.91; p<0.001), prolonged labour (aOR 13.65; p<0.001), labour duration >12 hours (aOR 15.33; p=0.003), perineal tear (aOR 10.43; p<0.001), birthweight >4.0 kg (aOR 13.02; p<0.001), and accumulation of ≥2 or ≥3 risk factors (aOR 5.00 and 43.81; p=0.010 and <0.001) independently predicted PPH.Conclusion: In this tertiary hospital cohort, PPH risk was driven primarily by high gravidity/parity, placental-bleeding antecedents, macrosomia, and labour duration/trauma variables. Therefore, risk-factor triggered preparedness and objective early detection with rapid bundled response are warranted for high-risk parturients.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

thejmch

Publisher

Subject

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Description

Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, ...