<![CDATA[The rapid development of information technology has significantly transformed social, economic, and legal activities. Alongside these developments, cybercrime has emerged as one of the most challenging forms of crime in the digital era. This study aims to analyze criminal liability for cybercrime perpetrators within the Indonesian legal system and identify challenges in law enforcement amid digital transformation. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation and comparative analysis. The findings indicate that criminal liability for cybercrime perpetrators is based on the fulfillment of criminal elements, culpability, criminal capacity, and the absence of justifying or excusing grounds. Existing regulations, particularly the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the new Criminal Code, provide a legal framework for prosecuting cybercrime offenders. However, challenges remain regarding digital evidence, cross-border jurisdiction, anonymity, and technological advancement. Strengthening regulations, digital forensic capabilities, and international cooperation are necessary to improve cybercrime law enforcement effectiveness.]]>
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