Pemodelan Sebaran Tumpahan Minyak dan Analisis Sensitivitas Lingkungan Pesisir: Studi Kasus Tenggelamnya Kapal Pengangkut BBM di Ternate, Maluku Utara, 31 Juli 2013: Modeling Oil Spill Trajectory and Environmental Sensitivity Analysis: A Case Study of the Fuel Tanker Sinking in Ternate, North Maluku, on July 31, 2013

Fuad, Mochamad Arif Zanul
Winiarti, Farida Mustika
As`adi, M. Arif

Water and Marine Pollution Journal: PoluSea
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Water and Marine Pollution Journal: PoluSea October 2025

Pencemaran minyak merupakan salah satu bentuk pencemaran laut yang dapat bersumber dari aktivitas transportasi, industri, maupun kecelakaan kapal. Padatnya aktivitas di Terminal BBM (TBBM) Ternate, Maluku Utara, meningkatkan risiko pencemaran pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensimulasikan tumpahan minyak akibat tenggelamnya kapal pengangkut BBM di TBBM Ternate pada 31 Juli 2013 serta memetakan wilayah pesisir yang sensitif terhadap dampak pencemaran. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak GNOME dan ADIOS2 untuk memprediksi arah sebaran minyak serta perubahan sifat fisika dan kimianya. Hasil menunjukkan sebaran minyak mencapai wilayah Tidore dengan arah dominan ke tenggara, dipengaruhi arus dari timur laut ke barat (0,7–0,8 m/s), angin dari selatan (3,6–5,7 m/s), dan pasang surut campuran condong harian ganda. Minyak premium bertahan ±8 jam, sedangkan minyak solar masih tersisa 1,835 barrel hingga hari ke-5. Kawasan paling sensitif adalah Kecamatan Ternate Selatan dan Tidore Utara. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya strategi penanggulangan tumpahan minyak berbasis pemodelan untuk mengurangi dampak terhadap ekosistem pesisir.   Oil pollution is a significant form of marine contamination resulting from transportation activities, industrial processes, and ship accidents. The intensive operations at the Ternate Fuel Terminal (TBBM) in North Maluku increase the risk of coastal pollution. This study aimed to simulate an oil spill incident caused by the sinking of a fuel tanker at TBBM Ternate on July 31, 2013, and to map the coastal areas that are sensitive to pollution impacts. Modeling was conducted using GNOME and ADIOS2 software to predict spill dispersion patterns and changes in the oil's physical and chemical properties. The results indicated that the spill reached the Tidore region, following a dominant southeastward trajectory influenced by surface currents flowing from northeast to west (0,7–0,8 m/s), winds from the south (3,6–5,7 m/s), and a mixed semidiurnal tidal regime. Premium oil persisted for approximately 8 hours, while diesel oil remained present for up to five days, with 1,835 barrels still recorded. The most sensitive coastal areas identified were the South Ternate and North Tidore Districts. These findings underscore the importance of implementing model-based oil spill response strategies to minimize the impacts on coastal ecosystems.