<![CDATA[The Internet of Things (IoT) has become the cornerstone of modern digital infrastructure, connecting billions of devices with limited computational resources. Data security on IoT devices presents a critical challenge given the constraints in memory, power, and processing capabilities. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of three algorithms from the NIST LWC Standardization process—ASCON-128 (official NIST standard, 2023), TinyJAMBU, and GIFT-COFB—implemented on the ESP32 microcontroller based on the Xtensa LX6 dual-core 240 MHz architecture. Testing was conducted with 10,000 iterations across four primary metrics: encryption throughput (kbps), operational latency (µs), memory consumption (RAM and Flash), and energy efficiency (nJ/operation). Experimental results demonstrate that ASCON-128 achieves the highest throughput of 7,035.10 kbps with the lowest energy consumption per operation of 9.6 nJ/operation, making it the optimal solution for IoT devices that offers the best balance between cryptographic security and performance. TinyJAMBU demonstrates a significant advantage in RAM efficiency, requiring only 4 bytes of stack memory, making it the preferred choice for ultra-constrained IoT devices. Meanwhile, GIFT-COFB offers superior resistance to side-channel attacks among the three evaluated algorithms. This research produces algorithm selection criteria based on resource profiles and device security requirements as a technical reference for IoT system developers in making decisions on measurable and accountable cryptography implementation.]]>
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