<![CDATA[As an archipelagic country consisting of thousands of islands, Indonesia relies heavily on air transportation as the backbone of national connectivity, economic integration, and equitable development. However, the regulation of air transportation tariffs faces significant challenges due to the mismatch between static regulatory norms and the highly dynamic aviation industry, which is characterized by volatile fuel prices, exchange rate fluctuations, and rising operational costs. This research aims to analyze the problems of air transportation fare regulation in Indonesia from the perspectives of legal certainty and social justice. The method used is normative juridical, with statutory and analytical approaches to Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation and its derivative regulations. The results indicate a mismatch between static regulatory norms and the highly dynamic aviation industry, resulting in legal uncertainty, weak regulatory enforcement, and limited public access to affordable fares. This condition reflects the gap between das sollen as the law as it ought to be and das sein as the law as it is, indicating the failure of regulations to achieve legal certainty and social justice. Therefore, adaptive and responsive legal reconstruction is needed to balance the interests of consumers, business actors, and the state.]]>
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