Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review
Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026): Agustus

Digital Transformation Determines International Marketing Scope In Iraqi Investment Banks

Mayasah Nadhim Azeez (College of Tourism Sciences / Department of Travel and Aviation Services / University of Karbala)



Article Info

Publish Date
15 Jul 2026

Abstract

General Background Global economic integration and rapid technological advancements necessitate financial institutions to operate across borders without geographical limitations. Specific Background Digital platforms serve as the primary mechanism for reaching global customers in the banking sector; however, developing nations like Iraq currently lack a robust digital infrastructure. Knowledge Gap The technological disparity and delay in adopting comprehensive digital transformation systems restrict the competitiveness and international marketing channels of Iraqi banking institutions. Aims This study investigates the correlation between adopting digital transformation technologies and international marketing efficiency at the Iraqi Investment Bank in Karbala. Results Data from 58 administrative and technical employees reveal that 86.2% confirm digital technologies facilitate international marketing strategies and geographic expansion. Furthermore, 69% identify developing infrastructure and qualifying human resources as primary support factors, while 20.7% cite weak digital infrastructure as the most significant operational obstacle. Novelty This research contextualizes digitalization specifically within the Iraqi financial landscape, demonstrating how technological integration sustains cross-border banking operations despite regional geopolitical crises. Implications The findings mandate the immediate implementation of robust digital systems, updated legislative frameworks, and targeted human resource training to integrate Iraqi banks into the competitive global financial market. Highlights: Modern technologies facilitate geographic customer outreach and cross-border service delivery. Weak technological frameworks represent the primary barrier to global competitiveness. Developing skilled personnel and updating legislation remain urgent operational priorities. Keywords: Digital Transformation, International Marketing, Banking Infrastructure, Global Competitiveness, Financial Technology

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ijler

Publisher

Subject

Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

Description

Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review (IJLER) is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo four times a year. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of ...