Objectives: To examine the effects of liquidity, solvency, and asset activity on financial performance among Indonesian iron and steel companies. Methods: Quantitative research involving nine IDX-listed companies during 2022–2024, analyzed using multiple linear regression. Research Gap/Novelty: Integrates liquidity, capital structure, and asset efficiency to explain financial performance in the iron and steel sector. Results: Solvency (DER) and activity (TATO) positively and significantly influenced ROE, while liquidity (CR) was insignificant. The model explained 51.1% of ROE variance. Conclusion: Capital structure optimization and asset efficiency are essential for improving financial performance.
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