OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra
Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra (In Progress)

Linguistic Fingerprints for Authorship Attribution in Human–AI Collaborative Texts

Devi Ambarwati Puspitasari (The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Selatan 12710)
Dewi Nastiti Lestariningsih (The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Selatan 12710)
Bayu Permana Sukma (Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW)
Yenny Karlina (The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Selatan 12710)
Salimulloh Tegar Sanubarianto (The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Selatan 12710)
Mu'awal Panji Handoko (The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Selatan 12710)
Intan Pradita (English Language Education, Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 May 2026

Abstract

Authors leave distinctive linguistic traces that reflect their identity through consistent writing styles, particularly in morphosyntactic patterns and lexical choices. However, the increasing use of AI writing tools challenges authorship attribution because machine-generated text can imitate or obscure individual writing characteristics. This study investigates linguistic features that effectively identify authors and differentiate human-written from AI-generated texts. A corpus comprising 2,074,125 tokens and 63,414 word types was compiled from collaborative digital platforms, including instant messaging and social media. Lexical and stylistic features were extracted to develop hybrid authorship-classification models, while N-gram tracing was used to identify salient patterns. The findings demonstrate that lexical choice is the most reliable indicator for distinguishing human and AI-generated texts. Character-level N-gram analysis further demonstrates that authorship can be identified through delicate patterns involving letters, capitalization, punctuation, and other non-alphabetic characters. Diction appeared as the strongest factor in differentiating individual authors. These results enhance the reliability of authorship attribution methods and provide valuable insights for forensic investigations of digitally mediated communication involving human–AI interaction.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

okara

Publisher

Subject

Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

Description

The journal publishes research papers in the field of linguistics, literature, and language teaching, such as fundamentals of ELT, the sound of the word of the language, structure, meaning, language and gender, sociolinguistic, language philosophy, history of linguistic, origin/evolution, ...