JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health)
Vol. 18 No. 3 (2026): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN

Development of Predictive Model for Stunting Incidence among At-Risk Families in Rural Areas of Kubu Raya Regency: Unsafe Drinking Water and Inadequate Sanitation as Key Indicators

Ria Risti Komala Dewi (Doctoral Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
Department of Public Health K. Sintang, Faculty of Economics, Business and Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak)

Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin (Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)
Sri Suwitri (Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)
Sulistyani (Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
17 Jul 2026

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting is the symptom of the chronic undernutrition that disturbs child growth and development and has long-term health and productivity implications. Prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2024 was 19.8% which is below the national target of 14%. It is especially the rural households whose access to safe drinking water and sanitation is limited. This study evaluated risk factors in at-risk families in rural Kubu Raya Regency and generated predictive model of stunting. Methods: Matched case-control design was performed, with 100 cases (height-for-age < -2 SD) and 100 controls (height-for-age -2 SD to +3 SD). The sampling was done by total sampling. Data was collected through interviews and observations through standardized means. The predictors and predictive model were determined using logistic regression. Results and Discussion: Four variables emerged as significant predictors; unsafe drinking water source (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.84-11.82), inadequate latrine ownership (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.69-6.87), birth intervals < 24 months (OR = 5.3; 95% CI: 2.16-13.36), and having > 2 children (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.66-18.14). The model had a 80.7% accuracy, 84% sensitivity and 64% specificity. Conclusion: Poor sources of drinking water and latrines ownership were key predictors of stunting in children aged between 6-23 months of age in at-risk families in Kubu Raya Regency. These indicators were incorporated into a predictive model that had a good discriminatory performance, thus it was possible to utilize it as a useful tool to risk early stunting in rural areas that could be effectively used.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JKL

Publisher

Subject

Public Health

Description

Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan with registered number ISSN 1829-7285 (printed) and ISSN 2540-881x (online) is a scientific open access journal published by Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Our journal aims to become a media of research results ...