Strategi Kebijakan Peningkatan Daya Saing Ekspor Udang Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat

Fransiska Maharani Suryaningrum (Sekretariat Badan Pengendalian dan Inspektur Mutu Hasil Kelautan dan Perikanan)

Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan
Vol 21, No 2 (2026): Desember 2026 (Article in Press)

Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi peningkatan daya saing ekspor udang Indonesia ke pasar Amerika Serikat dengan menempatkan jaminan mutu dan ketertelusuran sebagai isu kebijakan utama. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif berbasis analisis kebijakan, dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumen, wawancara, diskusi terarah, serta evaluasi alternatif menggunakan metode Urgency, Seriousness, Growth (USG) dan William N. Dunn. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pasar Amerika Serikat menyerap sekitar 40% ekspor udang nasional dan menjadi penentu penting stabilitas devisa subsektor. Namun, krisis Import Alert tahun 2025, penolakan 30 kontainer akibat residu antibiotik, dan temuan kontaminasi Cesium-137 sebesar 68 Bq/kg menegaskan bahwa persoalan utama daya saing tidak lagi sekadar harga dan volume, melainkan kredibilitas sistem mutu. Analisis USG menempatkan rendahnya kepatuhan standar dan jaminan mutu sebagai masalah prioritas dengan skor 15. Evaluasi alternatif kebijakan menunjukkan bahwa Sistem Jaminan Mutu Terintegrasi Berbasis Traceability Digital memperoleh skor tertinggi, yaitu 18, karena paling efektif memulihkan kepercayaan pasar, meningkatkan transparansi rantai pasok, dan mendorong transformasi struktural industri udang. Implikasi kebijakan menuntut pembangunan National Shrimp Traceability Platform (NSTP), penguatan laboratorium residu regional, integrasi sertifikasi internasional, serta insentif kepatuhan bagi pelaku usaha. Pendekatan ini diperlukan agar Indonesia dapat bertransformasi dari keunggulan komparatif menuju keunggulan kompetitif berbasis sistem, reputasi, dan keberlanjutan.Title: Policy Strategy to Enhance the Competitiveness of Indonesian Shrimp Exports to the United StatesThis research analyzes strategies to enhance the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp exports to the United States by positioning quality assurance and traceability as the primary policy issue. The study applies a qualitative-descriptive policy analysis approach, drawing on document review, interviews, focused discussions, and policy evaluation using the Urgency, Seriousness, Growth (USG) framework and William N. Dunn’s criteria. The findings show that the United States absorbs about 40% of Indonesia’s shrimp exports and remains a key determinant of foreign exchange stability in the fisheries subsector. However, the 2025 Import Alert crisis, the rejection of 30 containers due to antibiotic residues, and the detection of Cesium-137 contamination at 68 Bq/kg confirm that the main competitiveness challenge is no longer limited to price and volume, but rather the credibility of the national quality system. USG analysis identifies low compliance with standards and quality assurance as the top-priority problem, scoring 15. Policy alternative evaluation further indicates that an Integrated Quality Assurance System Based on Digital Traceability is the most preferable option, with the highest score of 18, because it is the most effective in restoring market trust, increasing supply-chain transparency, and driving structural transformation in the shrimp industry. Policy implications include the development of a National Shrimp Traceability Platform (NSTP), strengthening regional residue laboratories, integrating international certification schemes, and creating compliance incentives for business actors. This approach is required if Indonesia is to move from comparative advantage toward a more resilient competitive advantage based on systems, reputation, and sustainability.