<![CDATA[To support the infrastructure targets of Indonesia's PLN Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) 2025–2034 while managing abundant coal fly ash waste, this study investigates CFA valorization as a functional filler in silicone rubber insulators. Addressing the need for sustainable grid expansion, the research primarily focuses on the relationship between FTIR-derived chemical descriptors, CFA composition, and composite surface resistance. Chemical fingerprinting analysis demonstrates that CFA with high SiO₂ content (42.0%) better supports the composite's siloxane networks compared to iron-rich variants. Statistical modeling (adjusted R² > 0.92) confirms filler concentration as the primary predictor of resistance (p < 0.001). Optimal structural stability was associated with a 2:1 stoichiometric ratio of dimethyl groups—directly attached to the central silicon atoms (Si(CH₃)₂)—relative to the Si-O-Si backbone. Furthermore, a critical percolation threshold was identified at 70% filler concentration, beyond this loading level the integrity of the fundamental PDMS polymer structure is compromised, resulting in deteriorated insulator performance. These findings suggest that FTIR-based chemical fingerprinting has the potential to serve as an effective quality control framework, offering a scientifically grounded, sustainable material alternative in direct alignment with RUPTL strategic objectives.]]>
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