Advanced microwave imaging and artificial neural networks for early detection and localization of breast tumors

Abdelfettah Miraoui (University of Mustapha Stambouli)
Lotfi Merad (School of Applied Sciences Tlemcen)
Djalal Ziani-Kerarti (LARATIC Laboratory at National Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology and Communication (ENSTTIC))

TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)
Vol 24, No 1: February 2026

This study investigates the detection and localization of breast tumors based on dielectric property differences between cancerous and normal tissues. A microwave imaging technique integrated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed as a noninvasive alternative to conventional screening methods such as mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A breast model with a 2.5 mm spherical tumor was designed using CST Microwave Studio. Simulation results show that the ANN achieves a detection rate close to 100%, providing negative outputs for tumor-free cases and positive outputs for cases with tumors. Additionally, ANN outputs strongly correlate with the actual tumor positions in the simulated environment. These findings suggest that microwave imaging combined with ANNs offers a cost effective, radiation-free, and patient-friendly solution for the early detection and localization of breast cancer, with promising potential for clinical translation.