<![CDATA[The global agricultural sector faces critical challenges such as climate change, water scarcity, and inefficient irrigation practices. This paper presents an internet of things (IoT)-based smart irrigation system designed to optimize water usage and enhance agricultural productivity in Tunisia’s semi-arid regions. The proposed system integrates sensors (YL-69 soil moisture, DHT22 temperature-humidity, FC-37 rain), a STM32L072Z LRWAN1 board, and long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) communication to transmit real-time data to a ThingPark server and MongoDB database. A mobile application developed in Flutter enables monitoring and control through manual, automated, and event-driven modes. Experimental validation demonstrates water savings and improved irrigation efficiency compared to conventional systems. Quantitative results, benchmarking, and cost-benefit analysis confirm the system’s affordability, energy sustainability, and scalability. This solution contributes to sustainable agriculture in resource-constrained environments.]]>
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