A new resonant-based sensor for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose levels

Abolfazl Bijari (University of Birjand)
Faeze Foolad (University of Birjand)
Mohammadreza Khorshidi (University of Birjand)

TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)
Vol 23, No 4: August 2025

This paper presents a rapidly developed non-invasive microstrip sensor for measuring blood glucose levels (BGLs). The sensor features a microstrip closed-loop square resonator integrated with an interdigital capacitor (IDC), creating a sensitive area for glucose detection when a patient’s finger is placed on it. Using odd and even mode analytical methods and transmission line theory, we analyzed the sensor’s performance. Results indicate that the second even mode demonstrates significant changes across a standard glucose concentration range. The sensor was designed and simulated in ANSYS high frequency structure simulator (HFSS), showing a resonance frequency shift of up to 24.9 MHz at 1.94 GHz and a sensitivity of 110 kHz per mg/dL over a detection range of 0 to 216 mg/dL. Additionally, the frequency shift exhibits a high linear correlation (0.9485). In summary, the proposed sensor shows significant promise for achieving precise measurements of BGLs.