<![CDATA[Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health problem in developing countries and contributes significantly to poor maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study aims to map and synthesize scientific evidence on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in pregnant women with anemia in developing countries. Database searches were conducted from 2020 to 2025 using two databases and one search engine, with Mendeley used to assist in article selection. Methodological quality assessment (critical appraisal) and data mapping (data charting) were conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist, which included cross-sectional research designs, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews. Of the 676 articles identified, only eleven articles met the inclusion criteria. The eligibility criteria, data charting process, and synthesis method were carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The synthesis results showed that standardized hemoglobin measurement methods and anemia classification based on WHO criteria were important bases for interpreting the outcomes. Anemia in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications, adverse birth outcomes, and maternal vulnerability to comorbidities. In neonates, maternal anemia is consistently associated with low birth weight, prematurity, increased neonatal mortality, and early life developmental disorders. Anemia in pregnancy is an important determinant of maternal and neonatal health outcomes in developing countries. Strengthening the quality of antenatal care, standard-based anemia screening, and sustained nutritional interventions are key strategies for reducing the adverse effects of anemia on mothers and babies. ]]>
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