<![CDATA[Female Rifa'iyah religious scholars (ulama) have increasingly assumed social roles beyond the domestic sphere and Islamic boarding schools as a consequence of changing religious interpretations among Rifa'iyah ulama in Pekalongan. These changes have created broader opportunities for female Rifa'iyah ulama to engage in da’wah activities and interpret Tabyīn al-Iṣlāḥ, a Rifa'iyah religious text concerning marital and domestic life. Revitalizing organizations, educational institutions, Islamic boarding schools, and providing guidance to the community have become additional responsibilities for female Rifa'iyah ulama in Pekalongan alongside their primary domestic roles. They have utilized these opportunities to maintain the continuity of the Rifa'iyah cultural structure. At the same time, their presence reflects a growing capacity to respond to contemporary challenges while contributing to the preservation and continuity of the Rifa'iyah cultural system. The study employs a historical research method comprising heuristic, critical, interpretative, and historiographical stages. The findings demonstrate that, first, female Rifa'iyah ulama occupy a central social role in teaching, preserving, and transmitting the teachings and cultural system of Rifa'iyah through Tabyīn al-Iṣlāḥ in Islamic boarding schools, organizations, and educational institutions through approaches characterized by gentleness, patience, and attentiveness. Second, female Rifa'iyah ulama actively conduct da’wah by studying Tabyīn al-Iṣlāḥ from women’s perspectives, with the expectation that the values embedded within the text may develop into a cultural system constructed by women as the primary pillar of education within the family.]]>
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