<![CDATA[This study aims to examine and compare the concept of sale and purchase (jual beli/bay') according to the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence (madhab fiqh) Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki, and Hanbali and to analyze their relevance to DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 110/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 on the Contract of Sale and Purchase (Akad Jual Beli). This research employs a normative-comparative legal approach using library research methodology, drawing on classical fiqh texts, contemporary muamalah literature, scholarly journals, and DSN-MUI fatwas. The findings reveal that all four schools share strong common ground on fundamental principles: the permissibility of sale and purchase based on QS. al-Baqarah: 275, the necessity of mutual consent (ridha/taradi), and the prohibition of riba and excessive gharar (gharar fahisy). Differences arise at the technical-operational level, particularly in determining the number of pillars (arkan): Hanafi recognizes only one (sighat), while Shafi'i and Maliki recognize three, and Hanbali four. Divergence also emerges on the validity of ta'athi (exchange without verbal offer-acceptance), and the application of sadd al-dzara'i' to contracts such as bai' al-'inah and bai' al-wafa'. DSN-MUI adopts an eclectic (talfiq) approach oriented toward maqashid al-shari'ah: adopting the majority's (jumhur) pillar structure (Shafi'i-Maliki), applying Maliki-Hanbali sadd al-dzara'i' in rejecting ribawi legal stratagems (hilah ribawiyyah), and accommodating Hanafi-Hanbali flexibility on ta'athi and 'urf for modern transactional needs. In conclusion, the opinions of the imams of the four schools remain highly relevant as methodological references for DSN-MUI in responding to contemporary challenges in Islamic economic law.]]>
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