Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako)
Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026)

Determinants of Low Exclusive Breastfeeding Coverage in Indonesia

Nirna Dwi Anggraini (Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Ghaisani Putri Budhiharto (Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Azzahra Putri Nurkholis (Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Rouzatul Fitri (Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Chahya Kharin Herbawani (Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Jan 2026

Abstract

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) coverage in Indonesia has not yet reached the national target of 80%, despite a gradual increase from 73.79% in 2023 to 74.73% in 2024. Several determinants contribute to this condition, including maternal employment, educational level, socio-cultural beliefs, and delayed early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD). Suboptimal EBF practices increase the risk of stunting, hinder optimal growth and development, and reduce overall child health outcomes. Objective: This study aims to identify key factors associated with low EBF coverage in Indonesia and to formulate evidence-based strategies for improvement by considering demographic, socio-economic, cultural, and occupational challenges, particularly among working mothers. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted by analyzing 11 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the GARUDA, Springer, DOAJ, and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion criteria were open-access articles published between 2021 and 2025 using quantitative or qualitative research designs. Thematic analysis was applied to synthesize determinants influencing EBF coverage. Results: The review identified maternal education, employment status, family support, IMD implementation, place of delivery, and access to breastfeeding counseling as major determinants of EBF practices. Conclusion: EBF coverage in Indonesia is shaped by multifactorial influences, highlighting the need for integrated educational, familial, and policy-based interventions.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

htj

Publisher

Subject

Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

Description

Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako) merupakan media komunikasi dan publikasi ilmiah di bidang ilmu kesehatan yang diterbitkan oleh Unit Penjaminan Mutu Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tadulako yang. Jurnal ini terbit secara berkala 4 kali dalam setahun (Januari, April, Juli dan ...