Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering

Evaluating IndoGPT for Legal Queries: A Benchmark Against GPT-4 Models

Ade Cahyaning Palupi (Department of Computer Science, Universitas Pertamina)
ade irawan (Center for Data Science and Automation (CDSCAN), Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2025

Abstract

This study evaluates a chatbot developed with the Large Language Model (LLM) IndoGPT, focusing on its use of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to answer questions about university regulations from legal PDF documents in the Indonesian Language. IndoGPT's performance is benchmarked against the more advanced models, GPT-4 and GPT-4o. The chatbot combines RAG techniques with the LangChain framework, and its effectiveness is assessed using the Retrieval-Augmented Generation Assessment (RAGAS) framework. The dataset includes publicly available legal documents from Universitas Pertamina, with test data created by the authors. IndoGPT consistently underperforms compared to GPT-4 and GPT-4o. GPT-4 achieves superior metrics with Context Precision at 0.9027, Context Recall at 0.8693, Faithfulness at 0.8486, and Answer Relevancy at 0.8142. Similarly, GPT-4o delivers strong results with Context Precision at 0.8896, Context Recall at 0.8594, Faithfulness at 0.8804, and Answer Relevancy at 0.8773. In contrast, IndoGPT shows significant deficiencies, with much lower scores: Context Precision at 0.6687, Context Recall at 0.5711, Faithfulness at 0.0738, and Answer Relevancy at 0.1628. These findings highlight IndoGPT's substantial limitations, especially when compared to GPT-4 and GPT-4o, which excel in providing accurate, contextually relevant answers. The GPT-4-based chatbot demonstrates strong capabilities in understanding user queries and delivering accurate responses while effectively reducing hallucinations through the RAG technique.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JITCE

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

Description

Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering (JITCE) is a scholarly periodical. JITCE will publish research papers, technical papers, conceptual papers, and case study reports. This journal is organized by Computer System Department at Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, ...