<![CDATA[Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a significant public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it often coexists with malnutrition and anemia. This case report presents a 10-year-old girl with pulmonary TB and hypochromic microcytic anemia, exacerbated by poor nutritional intake, inadequate parenting supervision, exposure to cigarette smoke, and suboptimal environmental conditions. The patient’s condition was complicated by recurrent weakness, weight loss, and palpable lymphadenopathy. Laboratory results confirmed severe anemia, while chest radiography revealed infiltrates consistent with TB. A holistic family medicine assessment identified biomedical, psychosocial, environmental, and behavioral risk factors. Comprehensive management included pharmacological therapy (first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, iron, folic acid, multivitamins), nutritional interventions, health education, and family counseling. Family-focused and community-oriented strategies were emphasized, including TB contact screening, parental smoking cessation, and community health worker involvement. This case highlights the importance of holistic and comprehensive care in managing TB and comorbid anemia in children, underlining the role of family medicine in addressing both clinical and contextual determinants of health.]]>
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