Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEES KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINES IN A SMALL-SCALE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE ENTERPRISE

Ni Luh Komang Ayu Widya Pratiwi (Pharmacist Professional Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia)
Dewa Ayu Manacika Diananda (Pharmacist Professional Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia)
Pande Komang Ayu Widhiani (Pharmacist Professional Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia)
Putu Diah Astika Veda (Pharmacist Professional Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia)
Putu Oka Samirana (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Jul 2026

Abstract

Background: Small traditional medicine enterprises must implement Good Manufacturing Practice for Traditional Medicines (GMP-TM) to ensure that the resulting products meet established safety, quality, and efficacy requirements. The successful implementation of GMP-TM must be supported by the competence of the human resources involved. Adequate knowledge is expected to foster more good attitudes toward work standards or policies. However, research specifically examining this matter remains lacking. Objective: To determine the relationship between employees' knowledge and attitudes regarding GMP-TM at a small-scale traditional medicine enterprise. Methods: An analytical observational study using a cross-sectional design involving 30 participants (total sampling). The instrument used was a questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using Spearman's test. Results: All respondents had a good level of knowledge regarding the topic under study, namely 30 respondents (100%). A total of 28 respondents also demonstrated a very good attitude (93.33%), while 2 respondents (6.67%) had a good attitude. The Spearman correlation test yielded a p-value of 0.006 (p<0.05) and an r-value of 0.492. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the respondents' level of knowledge and attitudes, with a moderate strength of relationship and a positive direction.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jpsa

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other

Description

Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application (JPSA) publishes high-quality original research articles, review articles, and short communications that contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and their applications. The journal welcomes ...