The International Journal of Pegon Islam Nusantara Civilization
Vol 16 No 01 (2026): Moderasi Beragama dan Dinamika Peradaban Islam Nusantara: Integrasi Tradisi, Pe

Tasawuf Sebagai Epistemologi Peningkatan Kesadaran Spiritual Dalam Fath al Arifin Karya Syekh Ahmad Khatib Sambas

Puput Putri Yani (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia)
Muhammad Rizal (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia)
Ummu Salaamah (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
06 Jul 2026

Abstract

Tasawuf merupakan disiplin keilmuan dalam Islam yang berorientasi pada pengembangan dimensi batin dan peningkatan kesadaran spiritual manusia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tasawuf sebagai epistemologi peningkatan kesadaran spiritual dalam Fatḥ al-ʿĀrifīn karya Syekh Ahmad Khatib Sambas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan (library research). Sumber data primer berasal dari teks Fatḥ al-ʿĀrifīn, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur tasawuf klasik dan kajian akademik kontemporer. Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis isi (content analysis) untuk mengidentifikasi struktur epistemologi tasawuf yang meliputi sumber pengetahuan spiritual, metode perolehan pengetahuan, serta tahapan peningkatan kesadaran spiritual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tasawuf dalam Fatḥ al-ʿĀrifīn dipahami sebagai epistemologi spiritual yang menekankan integrasi antara ilmu, praktik amal, bimbingan mursyid, dan pengalaman batin (dzauq) sebagai jalan menuju ma‘rifat. Peningkatan kesadaran spiritual dicapai melalui proses sulūk y ang bertahap, disiplin riyāḍah, serta internalisasi nilai-nilai etika spiritual. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa tasawuf memiliki kerangka epistemologis yang sistematis dalam membentuk kesadaran spiritual, khususnya dalam tradisi tasawuf Nusantara. Sufism is an Islamic intellectual discipline oriented toward the cultivation of the inner dimension and the enhancement of spiritual consciousness. This article examines Sufism as an epistemological framework for enhancing spiritual consciousness in Fatḥ al-ʿĀrifīn by Shaykh Ahmad Khatib Sambas. This study employs a qualitative method using a library research approach. Primary data are drawn from Fatḥ al-ʿĀrifīn, while secondary data are obtained from classical Sufi literature and contemporary scholarly studies. Data are analyzed through content analysis to identify the epistemological structure of Sufism, including sources of spiritual knowledge, modes of knowledge acquisition, and stages of spiritual consciousness enhancement. The findings demonstrate that Sufism in Fatḥ al-ʿĀrifīn functions as a spiritual epistemology grounded in the integration of knowledge, religious practice, guidance of a spiritual master (murshid), and inner experience (dhawq) as a pathway to ma‘rifah. The enhancement of spiritual consciousness is achieved through a gradual process of sulūk, disciplined spiritual exercises (riyāḍah), and the internalization of ethical-spiritual values. This study affirms that Sufism provides a systematic epistemological framework for the formation of spiritual consciousness within the Nusantara Sufi tradition.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

INC

Publisher

Subject

Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Social Sciences Other

Description

This journal specialized academic journal dealing with the theme of religious civilization and literature in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The subject covers textual and fieldwork studies with perspectives of philosophy, philology, sociology, antropology, archeology, art, history, and many more. ...