Optimization of Essential Oil Formulations for Ultrasonic Diffusers Based on Aroma Profile and Persistence

Daimon Syukri (Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Andalas University)
Aisman Aisman (Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Andalas University)
Rini Rini (Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Andalas University)
Aisyah Putri (Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Andalas University)
Luwina Makni Kusuma (Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Andalas University)
Rafifa Putria Dewita (Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Andalas University)
Napassawan Liamnimitr (Faculty of Agricullture, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya)

Open Global Scietific Journal
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal

Background: Ultrasonic diffusers disperse essential oils without direct heating, making them suitable for aromatherapy. Combining oils with citrus, floral, herbal, and fixative characteristics may produce a more balanced and longer-lasting aroma, although information on optimal formulations for ultrasonic diffusers remains limited.Aims: This study aimed to obtain an optimal essential oil formulation for ultrasonic diffuser products based on aroma preference and persistence.Methods: Seven essential oils (kaffir lime, ylang-ylang, bergamot, rosemary, cajuput, peppermint, and patchouli) were combined into five formulations. Thirty untrained panelists assessed aroma preference and intensity using direct sniffing. Aroma persistence was monitored for 12 hours at three-hour intervals using 10 drops of each formulation in 300 mL of water.Results: Formulation F3 obtained the highest preference score and showed the best aroma persistence. The combination of citrus and floral oils with patchouli as a fixative produced a balanced, favorable, and longer-lasting aroma compared to other formulations.Conclusion: Formulation F3 was identified as the optimal formulation based on aroma preference and persistence. Combining complementary essential oils with patchouli as a fixative shows potential for developing natural essential oil-based ultrasonic diffuser products.