<![CDATA[This research analyze the of CPO prices, environmental costs (proxied by CSR/TJSL costs), and inventory turnover on profitability (Return on Assets/ROA) of 15 oil palm companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2024 period. Employing a quantitative approach with panel data (75 observations), the data were analyzed using the Random Effect Model in EViews 12. The results show that CPO prices have a positive and significant effect on ROA (coefficient = 0.1264; p = 0.0000), as do environmental costs (coefficient = 0.0145; p = 0.0117). Conversely, inventory turnover has a positive but non-significant effect (coefficient = 0.0028; p = 0.8816). Simultaneously, all three variables significantly affect profitability (p = 0.0000; $R^2$ = 37.56%). This study contributes by integrating external (CPO prices) and internal factors (CSR/TJSL and inventory turnover). The findings show that CPO prices and CSR/TJSL expenditures increase profitability, while inventory turnover does not directly determine ROA.]]>
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