<![CDATA[The performance of photovoltaic panels is significantly affected by elevated operating temperatures, which reduce both electrical efficiency and overall lifespan. Forced convection cooling, achieved through optimized airflow velocity, is critical in mitigating thermal degradation by actively removing excess heat from the panel surface. Vortex generators have emerged as an effective passive technique to enhance forced convective heat transfer. By manipulating boundary layer development and inducing localized turbulence, vortex generators improve heat dissipation and overall thermal management. This review critically synthesizes the existing literature on the application of various types of vortex generators, examining the effects of airflow velocity and the optimal angles of attack on heat transfer enhancement in solar photovoltaic panels. Key insights include the influence of geometric parameters—such as height, spacing, and angle of attack—and their synergistic effects on both thermal and hydraulic performance. By highlighting these trends, this analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of strategies for improving the thermal efficiency and operational reliability of photovoltaic systems.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
