<![CDATA[This study examines whether visitor knowledge of ecosystem services corresponds to distinct conservation behavior profiles in Gunung Ciremai National Park, Indonesia. We surveyed 452 visitors face to face using five-point scales to measure knowledge of provisioning, regulating and supporting, and cultural services, attitude toward conservation behavior, and self-reported environmental behavior. Latent scores were clustered with k-means, cluster centers were compared with t-tests, and pairwise correlations were assessed for the full sample and by segment. Two visitor segments emerged: Conservation Advocates (n = 243) and Conservation Supporters (n = 209). Conservation Advocates exhibit higher levels across the constructs and a clearer translation of favorable attitudes into reported actions, with regulating and supporting knowledge appearing especially consequential for behavior. Conservation Supporters show generally lower levels but a more tightly integrated knowledge structure, and provisioning knowledge functions as a practical entry point that links to both attitudes and actions. In the pooled sample, the three knowledge domains covary strongly and align with downstream outcomes, consistent with a konowledge–attitude–behavior sequence. Together, the matrix and table indicate that knowledge provides a common cognitive base, yet the pathway to action differs by segment. This study highlights the strategic importance of visitor segmentation in enhancing sustainable ecosystem management and promoting inclusive, behavior-focused conservation initiatives in protected tropical regions]]>
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