International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Vol 16, No 4: August 2026

SS-ANFIS: a semi-supervised neuro-fuzzy model for offline signature verification

Sadly Syamsuddin (Dipa University Makassar)
Jufri Jufri (Dipa University Makassar)
Suci Rahma Dani Rachman (Dipa University Makassar)
Suryani Suryani (Dipa University Makassar)
Wilem Musu (Dipa University Makassar)
Salmiati Salmiati (Dipa University Makassar)
Yesycha Arun Mangopo (Dipa University Makassar)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Aug 2026

Abstract

Signature verification remains a critical authentication mechanism in academic and administrative environments, yet manual verification is vulnerable to forgery and subjective judgment. This study proposes SS- ANFIS, a semi-supervised neuro-fuzzy model for offline signature verification under limited labeled data conditions. The proposed model integrates pseudo-label-based self-training into a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Static image-based features were extracted from offline signature images and transformed using principal component analysis (PCA) before classification. Experiments were conducted on 800 offline signature samples collected from Dipa University Makassar, consisting of 400 genuine and 400 forged signatures. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 90.5%, precision of 98.8%, recall of 82.0%, and F1-score of 90.0%. The high precision indicates that SS- ANFIS is effective in minimizing false positive predictions, which is important for academic document verification. The results show that the proposed model provides a practical, interpretable, and computationally efficient approach for offline signature verification, particularly in institutional settings with limited labeled data.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

IJECE

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Description

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE, ISSN: 2088-8708, a SCOPUS indexed Journal, SNIP: 1.001; SJR: 0.296; CiteScore: 0.99; SJR & CiteScore Q2 on both of the Electrical & Electronics Engineering, and Computer Science) is the official publication of the Institute of ...