<![CDATA[Corruption is an extraordinary crime poses a profound threat to public finance, institutional integrity, and the rule of law. Indonesian anti-corruption legislation permits aggravated penalties, including capital punishment, under "certain circumstances"; however, this qualifying element appears only in the statutory elucidation, creating uncertainty in judicial interpretation and sentencing. This study examines the legal construction of aggravated punishment through the principles of legal certainty and justice, incorporating perspectives from Islamic law. Using normative juridical research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyzes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings demonstrate that locating the "certain circumstances" requirement outside the operative provisions weakens legal certainty and undermines consistent judicial application. From the perspective of Islamic law, aggravated punishment accords with the principles of ta'zir, maslahah, and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah by protecting public interests and strengthening deterrence against corruption. This study proposes reformulating the statutory framework by incorporating the aggravating circumstances into the substantive provisions of the law, thereby reinforcing legal certainty while aligning Indonesia's anti-corruption policy with constitutional values and Islamic legal principles.]]>
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