<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the roles of the Board of Commissioners and the Board of Directors in corporate governance through a literature review. The analysis focuses on the effectiveness of oversight mechanisms, strategic decision-making, and the system of checks and balances between these two corporate bodies. The findings indicate that many Indonesian companies still face challenges regarding the limited independence of the Board of Commissioners, the lack of effectiveness of supporting committees, and the Board of Directors' limited competence in navigating modern business dynamics. However, the literature also highlights that board diversity, visionary leadership by the Board of Directors, and the strengthening of modern governance principles—such as ESG and digital governance—can enhance transparency, accountability, and corporate performance. This study offers theoretical implications regarding the strengthening of agency and stewardship theories, as well as practical implications for companies seeking to improve their governance structures to become more adaptive and sustainable.]]>
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