<![CDATA[This study examines how Indonesian online media frame oligarchic practices during Joko Widodo’s presidency and how these representations shape understandings of democracy. This method uses qualitative data collected from 40 national news articles published between 2020 and 2024 using NCapture, into pro-government, neutral, and critical media. The study used NVivo 12 Plus, including cluster analysis, text queries, and crosstabs. The findings show that media discourse primarily portrays oligarchy through themes of concentrated political power, restricted public participation, and the preservation of existing power structures. In contrast, issues of economic inequality and political corruption receive less attention. These framing patterns suggest that oligarchy is often presented as a matter of political governance and stability rather than a structural challenge to democratic accountability. This study contributes to the literature on media framing and democratic governance by demonstrating how online media normalize elite power relations through narratives of political stability and development.]]>
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