Optimization of a Three-Extract Polyherbal Antioxidant Formulation Using Simplex Lattice Design

Ida Ayu Alit Widhiartini (Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, 80234, Bali)
Putu Yudha Ugrasena (Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, 80234, Bali)
I Gusti Ayu Widianti (Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, 80234, Bali)
I Made Oka Adi Parwata (Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Badung, 80361, Bali)
I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta (Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Badung, 80361, Bali)

Indonesian Journal of Jamu
Vol. 11 No. 4 (2026): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia

Polyherbal formulations have attracted increasing interest because combining plant extracts may improve phytochemical composition and antioxidant performance. This study aimed to optimize the proportions of ethanolic extracts of Cinnamomum burmannii bark, Gyrinops versteegii leaves, and Caesalpinia sappan wood using a simplex lattice design. Ten formulations were generated and evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC), and DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC₅₀). The optimized formulation contained 10.00% C. burmannii, 21.51% G. versteegii, and 68.49% C. sappan, with experimental values of 79.27 mg GAE/g TPC, 197.64 mg QE/g TFC, 102.08 mg TAE/g TTC, and an IC₅₀ of 24.78 µg/mL. Experimental verification closely agreed with model predictions, with an average relative deviation of 2.95%. These findings demonstrate that simplex lattice design is an effective approach for optimizing polyherbal antioxidant formulations based on integrated phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity.