Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia)
Volume 14. No. 2 April 2026

Serum Zinc and Copper Levels and their Association with Mental Distress in Postmenopausal Women

Irmiya Rachmiyani (Faculty of Medicine Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta)
Shofwal Widad (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta)
Agung Dewanto (Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta)



Article Info

Publish Date
22 Apr 2026

Abstract

AbstractObjective: To investigate the relationship between serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels and mental distress in postmenopausal women.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 87 postmenopausal women. Participants with a history of hysterectomy or estrogen therapy were excluded. Mental distress was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Serum Zn and Cu concentrations were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney tests, and Pearson correlation analysis.Results: The mean serum zinc levels in participants with and without mental distress were 67.93 ± 9.03 µg/dL and 71.07 ± 12.99 µg/dL, respectively (p = 0.390). The mean serum copper levels were 129.38 ± 12.31 µg/dL in participants with mental distress and 131.78 ± 18.22 µg/dL in those without (p = 0.638). No significant correlations were found between serum zinc or copper levels and mental distress (r = -0.03, p = 0.775; r = -0.002, p = 0.984, respectively). These findings suggest that zinc and copper may not serve as reliable biomarkers for screening mental distress in postmenopausal women.Conclusion: Serum zinc and copper levels were not significantly associated with mental distress in postmenopausal women.keywords: copper, mental distress, postmenopausal, zinc.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

journal

Publisher

Subject

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Description

The Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology is an official publication of the Indonesian Society of Obstetrics and Gynekology. INAJOG is published ...