<![CDATA[Environmental damage in Indonesia has reached an ecological emergency marked by massive deforestation and increased frequency of natural disasters. This situation indicates that the anthropocentric paradigm, which places humans at the center of values in relation to the environment, has fundamental limitations in achieving sustainable environmental protection. The research question in this study is how a shift from the anthropocentric paradigm to a non-anthropocentric paradigm can strengthen environmental protection efforts and how criminal law functions as a tool in the prevention and mitigation of environmental damage in Indonesia. This study applies a normative legal research method through a legislative and conceptual approach. The legal materials used include primary and secondary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively using a deductive method. The findings show that the non-anthropocentric paradigm offers a stronger ethical and normative basis by recognizing the intrinsic value of the environment and placing humans as a component of the ecological system. In addition, the criminal provisions in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Management Protection play a crucial role as a means of social control that is preventive, repressive, and restorative in nature. Therefore, improving environmental protection requires synergy between a paradigm shift and the maximization of criminal law instruments.]]>
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