Journal Governance Society
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): May, 2026

Mini Fuel Stations as Alternative Last-Mile Fuel Distribution in Non-SPBU Areas: A Qualitative SWOT–TOWS Analysis

Safira Anindya Rizqi (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji)
Nur Sekar Indah Rahmadani (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji)
Aprilia Eka Mulya (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji)
Arga Bonardo Simarmata (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji)
Morand Samuel Zebua (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji)
Muhammad Ikhsan (Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji)



Article Info

Publish Date
26 Jul 2026

Abstract

Fuel access in archipelagic regions is not only a logistical issue but also a governance problem involving spatial equity, regulatory compliance, safety assurance, and supply-chain resilience. This study examines mini fuel stations as last-mile distribution infrastructure in non-SPBU areas of the Riau Islands, Indonesia. A qualitative design was employed using in-depth interviews, field observation, and document review. Informants were purposively drawn from mini-station owners, service users, and village officials, and the evidence was triangulated across sources and methods. Thematic coding identified six interrelated dimensions: accessibility, support for local economic activity, legal status, operational safety, quantity and quality assurance, and dependence on upstream supply. These themes were subsequently organized through SWOT analysis and converted into TOWS strategies. The findings indicate that mini fuel stations reduce spatial barriers and sustain everyday mobility and productive activities, but their public value is constrained by uneven registration, variable safety practices, weak transaction traceability, and supply vulnerability. The article proposes a graduated governance model that combines operator formalization, risk-based inspection, authorized procurement, digital transaction records, and co-governance among BPH Migas, local governments, suppliers, operators, and user groups. The study contributes by reframing mini fuel stations from an informal retail phenomenon into a last-mile energy-governance problem in an archipelagic setting.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jgs

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

Journal Governance Society is a reputable academic journal that focuses on the study of governance in various societies. It provides a platform for scholars and researchers to discuss and present their research findings on governance systems, practices, and policies in different societal contexts. ...