<![CDATA[Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly transformed modern digital communication systems by enabling interconnected devices to exchange data in real-time. The increasing number of IoT devices requires lightweight, efficient, and low-latency communication protocols. One of the most widely used protocols in IoT systems is Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), which supports real-time communication with low bandwidth usage and minimal resource consumption. This study aims to analyze the efficiency and performance of the MQTT protocol in IoT systems using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The research was conducted by collecting and analyzing international journal articles related to MQTT performance, communication efficiency, Quality of Service (QoS), scalability, reliability, and bandwidth utilization. The results show that MQTT provides lower latency, better bandwidth efficiency, and more flexible communication compared to conventional protocols such as HTTP and AMQP. In addition, MQTT is highly suitable for constrained devices and real-time monitoring systems. However, MQTT performance is influenced by several factors, including broker capacity, QoS configuration, payload size, network conditions, and security mechanisms.]]>
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